JavaScript Introduction and Features

JavaScript is an interpreted programming language, invented by Brendan Eich in 1995. It is a lightweight, dynamic, object-based, weakly typed, and multi-paradigm programming language. It makes web pages interactive and it is supported by all modern browsers.

JavaScript is one of the three essentials of WWW, with CSS and HTML and each JavaScript engine represents its different implementations. These implementations are based on the ECMAScript specification.

The initial development was called Mocha, but officially the name LiveScript was finalized in September 1995. It was again renamed to JavaScript in December 1995.

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Features of JavaScript

1. High-Level & Interpreted

  • JavaScript is a high-level language with automatic memory management (garbage collection).
  • It is executed line-by-line (interpreted) by the browser or runtime (like Node.js), though modern engines use Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation for optimization.

2. Dynamic Typing

  • Variables can hold any data type (e.g., let x = 5; x = "hello").
  • Types are checked at runtime.

3. Multi-Paradigm

Supports proceduralobject-oriented (prototype-based), and functional programming styles.

4. Prototype-Based OOP

Uses prototypes for inheritance instead of classical classes (though ES6 introduced class syntax as syntactic sugar).

5. Event-Driven & Asynchronous

Supports non-blocking operations via callbacksPromises, and async/await for handling I/O operations (e.g., API calls).

6. Single-Threaded with Concurrency Model

Runs on a single thread but uses an event loop to handle asynchronous tasks without blocking.

7. Dynamic DOM Manipulation

Can modify HTML/CSS in real-time, enabling interactive web pages.


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