13 Sep Supervised Machine Learning
In supervised learning, the machine is enabled to predict based on labeled data fed to it. In layman’s terms, we can easily say that the models are trained on labeled examples and make predictions on unlabelled examples.
We discussed labeled and unlabelled examples above. Let us see what they are.
Labeled Data
Includes one or more features and a label. Let us see an example to predict the value of a house. The features here are four and one label:
- Features: Bedrooms, Bathrooms, Balcony, Area, Property Age
- Label: Property Price
Here it is:
Bedrooms | Bathrooms | Balcony | Area (Sq. ft) | Property Age | Property Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 | 2 | 2 | 1500 | 5 | $290,000 |
2 | 1 | 1 | 1200 | 15 | $120,000 |
5 | 3 | 2 | 2000 | 7 | $340,000 |
3 | 3 | 1 | 1400 | 5 | $250,000 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 700 | 3 | $100,000 |
Unlabelled Data
Includes one or more features but no label. Let us see the same example to predict the value of a house. The features here are four but no label:
- Features: Bedrooms, Bathrooms, Balcony, Area, Property Age
- Label: None
Here it is:
Bedrooms | Bathrooms | Balcony | Area (Sq. ft) | Property Age |
---|---|---|---|---|
4 | 2 | 2 | 1500 | 5 |
2 | 1 | 1 | 1200 | 15 |
5 | 3 | 2 | 2000 | 7 |
3 | 3 | 1 | 1400 | 5 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 700 | 3 |
Let us now summarize:
- The tasks are well-defined in supervised learning.
- The prediction is based on labeled data in supervised learning.
- The prediction or decisions are based on past data in supervised learning
Example – Supervised Learning
Let us see an example. Our data includes Hexagon and Star shapes. The below image demonstrates a machine learning supervised learning process:
- Past Data: On the left, there are two sets of data: one with three hexagons and one with three star shapes.
- New Data: At the bottom, there’s new data, featuring one hexagon and one star.
- Machine Learning Model: The center showcases our machine learning model.
- Predicted Output: On the right, you see the predicted output based on the new data, like the past data sets.
The arrows show how past data and new data flow into the model, which then predicts the output. This image simplifies understanding how machine learning uses past data to make predictions on new data:
Supervised Machine Learning is also used to identify spam emails from your email account.
The following are the two types of Supervised learning:
- Classification
- Regression
Classification
Under the Classification supervised learning, the input data is categorized into predefined labels.
Algorithms like Decision Trees, K-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machines, Naïve Bayes, etc. Neural Networks are used for classification.
Here are some examples of Regression:
- Email spam detection: Classifying email spam from your emails
- Sentiment Analysis: Determining if a piece of text is positive, negative, or neutral.
- Image Recognition: Identifying objects in an image, like distinguishing between cats and dogs.
- Medical Diagnosis: Classifying medical images as cancerous or non-cancerous.
Regression
Under the Classification supervised learning, the continuous numerical values are predicted based on input features.
The types of Regression Models include Logistic and Linear Regression.
Here are some examples of Regression:
- Age Prediction Predicting the age of a person based on the height, weight, health, and other factors.
- House Price Prediction: Predicting house price based on number of rooms, bathrooms, balcony, parking, location, etc.
- Stock Price Forecasting: Predicting future stock prices based on historical data.
- Weather Prediction: Estimating future temperatures or rainfall amounts.
- Forecasting Sales: Predicting future sales based on past sales data.
Both the classification and regression concepts will be discussed later in the Machine Learning – Classification and Machine Learning – Regression sections.
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